How the U.S. Can Make the Most of Remaining Domestic Phosphorus Reserves

At Phospholutions, we believe that our global food system demands better solutions for sustainable production and responsible use of phosphorus. We develop innovative nutrient use efficiency technologies and through partnerships with global fertilizer manufacturers, retailers and growers advance sustainable fertilizer technology.
Unearthing the Phosphorus Treasure Trove
Phosphorus, a vital nutrient for plant life, underpins agricultural production and global food security. But where does this essential element come from? The answer lies in a seemingly unremarkable rock called phosphorus rock, or phosphorite.
Phosphate rock is a sedimentary rock formed over millions of years. Ancient marine animals, rich in calcium and phosphorus, accumulated on the seabed. Over time, geological processes like compaction and lithification transformed these deposits into rock strata. Today, these phosphate deposits exist in sedimentary basins around the world.
Global Phosphorus Reserves
Efficiently using global phosphate reserves extends the life of the mines furthering the sustainability of this important resource. Some of the major countries boasting significant phosphate rock reserves include:
Norway is the recent leader in phosphate reserves discovering 71 billion tons in 2018.1
Morocco claimed about 71% of the world’s phosphate reserves prior to the discovery in Norway. Its phosphate rock reserves come in at 50,000 billion tons, now about 40% of global reserves.2
Egypt lands in the third spot with 2,800 billion metric tons.
China distantly follows Morocco in reserves but leads global mining production with 90 million metric tons in 2023.Common estimations say the world has 300-400 years of global phosphorus reserves.
United States Phosphorus Production
Today, the U.S. produces about 88% of the phosphate rock domestically consumed. The U.S. phosphate reserves are sitting at about 1 billion metric tons or 1.3or world reserves. The United States’ significant phosphate rock deposits are primarily concentrated in Florida and North Carolina.
Phosphate rock mining utilizes various techniques depending on the deposit's location and characteristics. Here's a glimpse into some common methods: